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Language Name: Ọ̀kọ
Alternate Names: Ogori, Osayen
Location: Kogi State, Nigeria
Recorded by: Dr. Ernest Akerejola
Date: August 2004
Name of Speaker: Ogori community
Speaker’s home village: Ogori
Age of Speaker: No age discrimination
Original copy has been modified
Key to tone marks
Tones are effective on all vowels
Falling tone (`)
Rising tone (´)
Neutral tone: unmarked (flat tone, with slightly variable pitch/height; determined by other vowels in the environment)
Falling-rising (ˇ)
Rising falling (ˆ)
1. body | íwú |
2. head | ẹpan[i] |
3. hair | ẹpẹn[ii] |
4. face | áyẹ́n |
5. eye | áyẹ́n-iìjen |
6. ear | ọtọn |
7. nose | ọ́mọ́dọ́rẹ̀ |
8. mouth | ówó |
9. teeth | írún |
10. tongue | ẹlǎrẹ́ |
11. breast | ẹba |
12. belly | épúrú/íbé |
13. arm | úbá |
14. elbow | ògun |
15. palm | úbwíbè |
16. finger | ẹ́bẹ́bẹ̀rẹ |
17. nail | ìgbògbò |
18. leg | ọcẹn |
19. skin (animate) | ekpe |
20. bone | ofu |
21. heart | ùlòkò |
22. blood | ẹ́yọ́n |
23. urine | ẹ́nọ́ |
24. faeces | ẹ́gbọ́n |
25. village | íkén |
26. house | úbówó / ubó |
27. roof | ubówó-ẹẹ̀pan
ẹ́kpáọ́ archaic |
28. door | újún |
29. firewood | okun |
30. broom | ọkẹna |
31. mortar | isěn |
32. pestle | isěn-ooti |
33. knife | ígbegben |
34. axe (for cutting wood) | ọ̀dọ̀ |
35. rope | óyí |
36. thread | òlulǔn |
37. needle | ọ̀rẹ́sẹ |
38. cloth | ẹ̀sa |
39. ring | òròka |
40. sun | éyí |
41. moon | ọ́cẹ́n |
42. sky | òsòsì |
43. star | ẹ̀cẹ́kpẹ́nẹ |
44. rain | òsì |
45. water | ébí |
46. river | ógbólǒ |
47. cloud | ìdúdúrúdú |
48. lightning | îmú |
49. rainbow | ìdodoríma |
50. wind | èkpèrì |
51. stone | ọtarẹ |
52. path (walking) | ọrẹ / ọrikpokpo |
53. sand | acẹcẹn /
atọn(earth) |
54. fire | ẹra |
55. smoke | ârán |
56. ash | ewùrún |
57. mud | agbẹ |
58. dust | èwùlòn |
59. gold | ìgólù |
60. tree | oti |
61. leaf | emumu |
62. root | ẹyěn |
63. thorn | ẹ́wọ́n |
64. flower | ìdòdo |
65. fruit | ìlukutu |
66. banana | ògèdè |
67. millet (husked) | – |
68. rice (husked) | iféfè |
69. potato | agidimoni |
70. eggplant | ápwẹ́n |
71. groundnut | ukusaye |
72. chili (whole red dry) | ẹkpọkpọ |
73. onion | àlùbásá |
74. tomato | ìtòmátó |
75. cabbage | – |
76. oil | ámọ́ |
77. salt | òbú |
78. meat (raw) | ọ́nẹ́ |
79. fat | ẹ́rọ́n |
80. fish | áyéré |
81. chicken | abẹsẹ |
82. egg | abẹsẹ-êji |
83. cow | ọ́na |
84. buffalo | – |
85. milk | ọ́nệba |
86. horns | ẹ́kpànẹ̀ |
87. tail | ócěn |
88. goat | úmú |
89. dog | úwó |
90. snake | ẹ́pẹ́nídùdù |
91. monkey | Ájẹ́rẹ̀ |
92. mosquito | iwònma |
93. ant | îwún |
94. spider | ógogo |
95. name | íwúrù |
96. man | ofòro |
97. woman | íyáró |
98. child | ógbén |
99. father | ẹdẹda |
100. mother | iya |
101. older brother | osuda[iii] |
102. younger brother | ọ́dá |
103. older sister | osuda |
104. younger sister | ọ́dá |
105. son | ógbén |
106. daughter | ógbén |
107. husband | ofòro |
108. wife | owòro |
109. boy | ofòro |
110. girl | iyaro |
111. day | érun |
112. night | ujo |
113. morning | urorun |
114. noon/afternoon | érumekà |
115. evening | íyộbẹbẹrẹ |
116. yesterday | ẹ̀rán |
117. today | ámọ́nẹ |
118. tomorrow | usiye |
119. week | ódisì |
120. month | ọ́cẹ́n |
121. year | ẹ́yẹ́n |
122. old (object) | osusun |
123. new (object) | owowo |
124. good | òbòrò |
125. bad | òdùdù |
126. wet | gbolo |
127. dry | yéyí(v) / òyiyeyi(n) |
128. long (object) | lọrẹ |
129. short (object) | kere |
130. hot (water) | (òfí)fí[iv] |
131. cold (water) | (ofù)fún |
132. right | òjijen |
133. near | canore/kẹyẹ |
134. far | (òfi)fón |
135. big | (ogbí)gbodi |
136. small | kere |
137. heavy | rún |
138. light | fefelefe weight
wọ́nmayẹn colour |
139. white | òkùkùrù |
140. black | òrirǐn |
141. red | ọ̀yàyàn |
142. one | ọ̀yẹ́rẹ |
143. two | ẹ̀bọ̀rẹ̀ |
144. three | ẹ̀ta |
145. four | ẹ̀ná |
146. five | ùpi |
147. six | ọ̀pọ́nọ̌rẹ |
148. seven | úfọ́mbọ̀rẹ̀ |
149. eight | ọ̀nọ́kọ́nọkọ́nọ |
150. nine | ùbọ́yẹrẹ /ùbộrẹ |
151. ten | ẹ̀fọ |
152. eleven | ẹ̀fọ́kọ̀yẹ́rẹ |
153. twelve | ẹ̀fọ́kẹ́bọ̀rẹ̀ |
154. twenty | ọ́gbọlọ |
155. one hundred | ípǐ |
156. who? | ẹ̀ra |
157. what? | ẹ̀na |
158. where? | ẹ́tẹka |
159. when? | ẹ̀mọ̀-ọ́na (ẹ̀mọ̌na) |
160. how(many)? | gàna |
161. what kind? | ọ̀là-ọ́na (ọlọ̌na) |
162. this (in hand) | ọ̀nẹ |
163. that (distant) | ọ̀nẹ́bẹ́ |
164. these (in hand) | ẹ̀nánẹ |
165. those (distant) | ẹ̀nábẹ̀ |
166. same (like) | ọ̀lọ̌rẹ |
167. different (other) | obo |
168. broken (pot) | pẹ́n |
169. few | keke |
170. many | ọyọyọ |
171. all | fẹyan(fẹyan) |
172. eat | je |
173. bite (verb) | kùrùtán (as in food)
tànmírún (human) tan (insect) |
174. hunger | awọn |
175. drink | wa |
176. thirst | ọkọrẹ |
177. sleep (noun) | úbwá (noun)
bwe (verb) |
178. lie down | bwe w’ijé / bwíjè |
179. sit down | ma |
180. give | wǎ
ne (give to) |
181. burn | dó(wood) / kẹnẹ(anything) |
182. die | fó |
183. kill | wán |
184. fly (bird) | piri |
185. walk | jéjén |
186. run | mune |
187. go | yọ́ / jén |
188. come | ca |
189. speak | gá |
190. hear | wọ́ |
191. see | gbá |
192. I (1sg)[v] | àmẹ |
193. you(2sg) | àwọ |
194. he (3sg masculine) | àyẹ (genderless) |
195. she (3sg feminine) | àyẹ (genderless) |
196. it (3 inanimate) | àyẹ (genderless) |
197. we (pl inclusive) | àtọ |
198. we (pl exclusive) | — |
199. you (2pl[vi]) | ànọ |
200. they (3pl) | àbẹ |
[i] Note that all vowels in the environment of a nasal sound undergo nasalisation.
[ii] A comprehensive diacritic marking would include dotted vowels for advanced tongue root (-ATR). Diacritic marking indicates tone which has a systemic function in Òkó: (`)
[iii] All kinship terms (except relating to marriage) are genderless except qualified by ofòró ‘male’ or iyaro ‘female’ as the case may be – see 101-106.
[iv] The bracket indicates nominalised adjective or verb (noun form of the word). When this occurs, the final vowel takes the neutral tone (e.g. ófifon, ofùfun).
[v] First person singular
[vi] Second person plural