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Language Name: Ọ̀kọ
Alternate Names: Ogori, Osayen
Location: Kogi State, Nigeria
Recorded by: Dr. Ernest Akerejola
Date: August 2004
Name of Speaker: Ogori community
Speaker’s home village: Ogori
Age of Speaker: No age discrimination
Key to tone marks
Tones are effective on all vowels
Falling tone (`)
Rising tone (´)
Neutral tone: unmarked (flat tone, with slightly variable pitch/height; determined by other vowels in the environment)
Falling-rising (ˇ)
Rising falling (ˆ)
| 1. body | íwú |
| 2. head | ẹpan[i] |
| 3. hair | ẹpẹn[ii] |
| 4. face | áyẹ́n |
| 5. eye | áyẹ́n |
| 6. ear | ọtọn |
| 7. nose | ọ́mọ́dọ́rẹ̀ |
| 8. mouth | ówó |
| 9. teeth | írún |
| 10. tongue | ẹlǎrẹ́ |
| 11. breast | ẹba |
| 12. belly | épúrú/íbé |
| 13. arm | úbá |
| 14. elbow | ògun |
| 15. palm | úbwíbè |
| 16. finger | ẹ́bẹ́bẹ̀rẹ |
| 17. nail | ìgbògbò |
| 18. leg | ọcẹn |
| 19. skin (animate) | ekpe |
| 20. bone | ofu |
| 21. heart | ùlòkò |
| 22. blood | ẹ́yọ́n |
| 23. urine | ẹ́nọ́ |
| 24. faeces | ẹ́gbọ́n |
| 25. village | íkén |
| 26. house | úbówó / ubó |
| 27. roof | ubówó-ẹẹ̀pan ẹ́kpáọ́ archaic |
| 28. door | újún |
| 29. firewood | okun |
| 30. broom | ọkẹna |
| 31. mortar | isěn |
| 32. pestle | isěn-ooti |
| 33. knife | ígbegben |
| 34. axe (for cutting wood) | ọ̀dọ̀ |
| 35. rope | óyí |
| 36. thread | òlulǔn |
| 37. needle | ọ̀rẹ́sẹ |
| 38. cloth | ẹ̀sa |
| 39. ring | òròka |
| 40. sun | éyí |
| 41. moon | ọ́cẹ́n |
| 42. sky | òsòsì |
| 43. star | ẹ̀cẹ́kpẹ́nẹ |
| 44. rain | òsì |
| 45. water | ébí |
| 46. river | ébí |
| 47. cloud | ìdúdúrúdú |
| 48. lightning | îmú |
| 49. rainbow | ìdodoríma |
| 50. wind | èkpèrì |
| 51. stone | ọtarẹ |
| 52. path (walking) | ọrọrẹ |
| 53. sand | acẹcẹn / atọn(earth) |
| 54. fire | ẹra |
| 55. smoke | ârán |
| 56. ash | ewùrún |
| 57. mud | agbẹ |
| 58. dust | èwùlòn |
| 59. gold | ìgólù |
| 60. tree | oti |
| 61. leaf | emumu |
| 62. root | ẹyěn |
| 63. thorn | ẹ́wọ́n |
| 64. flower | ìdòdo |
| 65. fruit | ìlukutu |
| 66. banana | ògèdè |
| 67. millet (husked) | – |
| 68. rice (husked) | iféfè |
| 69. potato | agidimoni |
| 70. eggplant | ápwẹ́n |
| 71. groundnut | ukusaye |
| 72. chili (whole red dry) | ẹkpọkpọ |
| 73. onion | àlùbásá |
| 74. tomato | ìtòmátó |
| 75. cabbage | – |
| 76. oil | ámọ́ |
| 77. salt | òbú |
| 78. meat (raw) | ọ́nẹ́ |
| 79. fat | ẹ́rọ́n |
| 80. fish | áyéré |
| 81. chicken | abẹsẹ |
| 82. egg | abẹsẹ-êji |
| 83. cow | ọ́na |
| 84. buffalo | – |
| 85. milk | ọ́nệba |
| 86. horns | ẹ́kpànẹ̀ |
| 87. tail | ócěn |
| 88. goat | úmú |
| 89. dog | úwó |
| 90. snake | ẹ́pẹ́nídùdù |
| 91. monkey | Ájẹ́rẹ̀ |
| 92. mosquito | iwòma |
| 93. ant | îwún |
| 94. spider | ógogo |
| 95. name | íwúrù |
| 96. man | ofòro |
| 97. woman | íyáró |
| 98. child | ógbén |
| 99. father | ẹdẹda |
| 100. mother | iya |
| 101. older brother | osuda[iii] |
| 102. younger brother | ọ́dá |
| 103. older sister | osuda |
| 104. younger sister | ọ́dá |
| 105. son | ógbén |
| 106. daughter | ógbén |
| 107. husband | ofòro |
| 108. wife | owòro |
| 109. boy | ofòro |
| 110. girl | iyaro |
| 111. day | érun |
| 112. night | ujo |
| 113. morning | urorun |
| 114. noon/afternoon | érumekà |
| 115. evening | íyộbẹbẹrẹ |
| 116. yesterday | ẹ̀rán |
| 117. today | ámọ́nẹ |
| 118. tomorrow | usiye |
| 119. week | ódisì |
| 120. month | ọ́cẹ́n |
| 121. year | ẹ́yẹ́n |
| 122. old (object) | osusun |
| 123. new (object) | owowo |
| 124. good | òbòrò |
| 125. bad | òdùdù |
| 126. wet | gbolo |
| 127. dry | yeyi |
| 128. long (object) | lọrẹ |
| 129. short (object) | kere |
| 130. hot (water) | (òfí)fí[iv] |
| 131. cold (water) | (ofù)fún |
| 132. right | òjijen |
| 133. near | canore/kẹyẹ |
| 134. far | (òfi)fón |
| 135. big | (ogbí)gbodi |
| 136. small | kere |
| 137. heavy | rún |
| 138. light | fefelefe weight wọ́nmayẹn colour |
| 139. white | òkùkùrù |
| 140. black | òrirǐn |
| 141. red | ọ̀yàyàn |
| 142. one | ọ̀yẹ́rẹ |
| 143. two | ẹ̀bọ̀rẹ̀ |
| 144. three | ẹ̀ta |
| 145. four | ẹ̀ná |
| 146. five | ùpi |
| 147. six | ọ̀pọ́nọ̌rẹ |
| 148. seven | úfọ́mbọ̀rẹ̀ |
| 149. eight | ọ̀nọ́kọ́nọkọ́nọ |
| 150. nine | ùbọ́yẹrẹ /ùbộrẹ |
| 151. ten | ẹ̀fọ |
| 152. eleven | ẹ̀fọ́kọ̀yẹ́rẹ |
| 153. twelve | ẹ̀fọ́kẹ́bọ̀rẹ̀ |
| 154. twenty | ọ́gbọlọ |
| 155. one hundred | ípǐ |
| 156. who? | ẹ̀ra |
| 157. what? | ẹ̀na |
| 158. where? | ẹ́tẹka |
| 159. when? | ẹ̀mọ̀-ọ́na (ẹ̀mọ̌na) |
| 160. how(many)? | gàna |
| 161. what kind? | ọ̀là-ọ́na (ọlọ̌na) |
| 162. this (in hand) | ọ̀nẹ |
| 163. that (distant) | ọ̀nẹ́bẹ́ |
| 164. these (in hand) | ẹ̀nánẹ |
| 165. those (distant) | ẹ̀nábẹ̀ |
| 166. same (like) | ọ̀lọ̌rẹ |
| 167. different (other) | obo |
| 168. broken (pot) | pẹ́n |
| 169. few | keke |
| 170. many | ọyọyọ |
| 171. all | fẹyan(fẹyan) |
| 172. eat | je |
| 173. bite (verb) | kùrùtán (as in food) tànmírún (human) tan (insect) |
| 174. hunger | awọn |
| 175. drink | wa |
| 176. thirst | ọkọrẹ |
| 177. sleep (noun) | úbwá (noun) bwe (verb) |
| 178. lie down | bwe w’ijé / bwíjè |
| 179. sit down | ma |
| 180. give | wǎ ne (give to) |
| 181. burn | dó(wood) / kẹnẹ(anything) |
| 182. die | fó |
| 183. kill | wán |
| 184. fly (bird) | piri |
| 185. walk | jéjén |
| 186. run | mune |
| 187. go | yọ́ / jén |
| 188. come | ca |
| 189. speak | gá |
| 190. hear | wọ́ |
| 191. see | gbá |
| 192. I (1sg)[v] | àmẹ |
| 193. you(2sg) | àwọ |
| 194. he (3sg masculine) | àyẹ (genderless) |
| 195. she (3sg feminine) | àyẹ (genderless) |
| 196. it (3 inanimate) | àyẹ (genderless) |
| 197. we (pl inclusive) | àtọ |
| 198. we (pl exclusive) | — |
| 199. you (2pl[vi]) | ànọ |
| 200. they (3pl) | àbẹ |
[i] Note that all vowels in the environment of a nasal sound undergo nasalisation.
[ii] A comprehensive diacritic marking would include dotted vowels for advanced tongue root (-ATR). Diacritic marking indicates tone which has a systemic function in Òkó: (`)
[iii] All kinship terms (except relating to marriage) are genderless except qualified by ofòró ‘male’ or iyaro ‘female’ as the case may be – see 101-106.
[iv] The bracket indicates nominalised adjective or verb (noun form of the word). When this occurs, the final vowel takes the neutral tone (e.g. ófifon, ofùfun).
[v] First person singular
[vi] Second person plural